Parameters are indicators of wastewater and released water quality from various sources, which is important for the wastewater treatment process before discharging into the environment.

1. pH

The pH is a measure of how acidic/basic water is. The range of pH goes from 0 - 14, with 7 being neutral. The pH of less than 7 indicates acidity, whereas pH of greater than 7 indicates base. Generally, industrial plants operate with pH below 4.5, which means high acidity and corrosive (Drinking water should indicate pH between 6.8-7.3).

2. BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) 

The BOD is a measure of how much oxygen is consumed by microorganisms in biochemical processes for decomposing organic matter in wastewater. The unit is mg/L. Higher BOD indicate more dirtiness or organic pollution in the water.

3. COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand)

The COD is a measure of how much oxygen is consumed in chemical processes for decomposing organic matter in wastewater. The unit is mg/L. In general, the COD is always higher than the BOD, so it’s the one of important factors in indicating the dirtiness of the wastewater.

4. DO (Dissolved Oxygen)  

The DO is a measure of how much oxygen is dissolved in water. It’s a parameter used to determine the water quality in surface water sources. Generally, the standard DO for good water quality will be approximately 5-8 ppm, and wastewater will be lower than 3 ppm.

5. TDS (Total Dissolved Solid) 

The TDS is a measure of how much dissolved solids, inorganic, and organic substances in water, such as metals, minerals, salts, and ions. It indicates the presence of chemical contaminants and the quality of drinking water (The standard of drinking water is not more than 500 ml/L (PPM)).

Wastewater is not only a problem that affects the environment, but also affects human health. If it’s not treated properly, contaminated wastewater will release toxins and let pathogens into water sources.

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